A statistical experiment is a process or procedure that produces data to analyze and draw conclusions. It involves making observations or measurements under controlled conditions to understand relationships between variables. The goal is to gather information that can help in making predictions or decisions based on the results. In a statistical experiment, researchers often manipulate one or more factors, known as independent variables, to observe their effect on another factor, called the dependent variable. This approach allows for the testing of hypotheses and helps in determining cause-and-effect relationships, which is essential in fields like science, medicine, and social research.