A standing wave is a pattern that results when two waves of the same frequency and amplitude travel in opposite directions and interfere with each other. This interference creates points called nodes, where there is no movement, and antinodes, where the wave reaches its maximum displacement. Standing waves are commonly observed in strings, such as those on musical instruments like guitars and violins. Standing waves can also occur in air columns, as seen in wind instruments like flutes and trumpets. In these cases, the waves reflect off the ends of the instrument, creating a similar pattern of nodes and antinodes. This phenomenon is essential for producing specific musical notes and harmonics.