Standing waves are a type of wave pattern that occurs when two waves of the same frequency and amplitude travel in opposite directions and interfere with each other. This interference creates points called nodes, where there is no movement, and antinodes, where the wave reaches its maximum amplitude. Standing waves are commonly observed in musical instruments, such as strings on a guitar or air columns in a flute. These waves can be seen in various physical systems, including water waves in a tank or sound waves in a room. The formation of standing waves is essential in understanding concepts like resonance, which occurs when an object vibrates at its natural frequency, amplifying the wave's effect.