Stage directions are written instructions in a script that guide actors and directors on how to perform a scene. They indicate movements, positions, and actions of characters, as well as details about the setting, lighting, and sound. These directions help create the intended atmosphere and ensure that the performance aligns with the playwright's vision. Typically found in italics or parentheses, stage directions can specify where a character should enter or exit, how they should interact with props, or their emotional state during a scene. Understanding these directions is crucial for the successful execution of a play, as they enhance the overall storytelling experience.