Stack-based programming is a method where data is managed using a stack structure, which operates on a last-in, first-out (LIFO) principle. In this approach, values are pushed onto the stack and popped off when needed, allowing for efficient management of temporary data during program execution. This technique is commonly used in languages like Forth and PostScript. In stack-based programming, operations are performed by manipulating the stack directly. For example, to add two numbers, they are pushed onto the stack, and an addition operation pops them off, computes the result, and pushes it back. This simplifies the handling of function calls and local variables, making the code concise and efficient.