Stack management refers to the process of organizing and controlling a stack, which is a data structure that follows the Last In, First Out (LIFO) principle. In a stack, the most recently added item is the first one to be removed. Stack management is crucial in programming and computer science, as it helps manage function calls, memory allocation, and data storage efficiently. Effective stack management ensures that resources are used optimally and prevents issues like stack overflow, where the stack exceeds its allocated size. Techniques such as push and pop operations are fundamental to stack management, allowing for the addition and removal of items in a controlled manner.