Sporulation is the process by which certain organisms, such as bacteria and fungi, produce spores. Spores are specialized cells that can survive harsh environmental conditions, allowing the organism to endure periods of stress, such as drought or extreme temperatures. This process typically involves the formation of a protective outer layer around the spore, making it resistant to damage. During sporulation, the parent organism undergoes a series of cellular changes, leading to the development of spores. Once conditions improve, these spores can germinate and grow into new organisms, ensuring the survival and continuation of the species.