Spoilage refers to the process by which food or other perishable items deteriorate and become unsuitable for consumption. This can occur due to various factors, including the growth of bacteria, mold, or yeast, as well as exposure to air, moisture, and temperature changes. Spoilage can lead to changes in taste, texture, and appearance, making the food unappetizing or unsafe to eat. Preventing spoilage is essential for food safety and waste reduction. Common methods include refrigeration, canning, and using preservatives. Understanding spoilage helps consumers make informed choices about food storage and handling, ensuring that items like fruits, vegetables, and dairy products remain fresh for longer.