The spinal column, also known as the vertebral column, is a bony structure that runs along the back of the body. It is made up of individual bones called vertebrae, which are stacked on top of each other. The spinal column protects the spinal cord, a vital part of the nervous system that transmits signals between the brain and the rest of the body. In humans, the spinal column consists of 33 vertebrae divided into five regions: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal. This structure provides support, allowing for an upright posture, and enables flexibility and movement. Additionally, the spinal column plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's balance and stability.