Spherical Trigonometry is a branch of mathematics that deals with the relationships between angles and distances on the surface of a sphere. Unlike planar trigonometry, which focuses on flat surfaces, spherical trigonometry is essential for navigation, astronomy, and geodesy. It uses spherical triangles, formed by three points on a sphere, to solve problems involving angles and distances. The fundamental concepts of spherical trigonometry include the sine, cosine, and tangent functions, which are adapted for spherical surfaces. Key formulas, such as the spherical law of sines and the spherical law of cosines, help calculate unknown angles and sides in spherical triangles, making it a vital tool in various scientific fields.