Spermatophytes, also known as seed plants, are a group of vascular plants that reproduce through seeds. This group includes two main categories: gymnosperms, which produce seeds that are not enclosed in an ovary, and angiosperms, which produce seeds within a fruit. Spermatophytes are characterized by their ability to adapt to various environments, making them dominant in many ecosystems. These plants have complex structures, including roots, stems, and leaves, which help them efficiently transport water and nutrients. Spermatophytes play a crucial role in the environment by providing oxygen, food, and habitat for many organisms, and they are essential for human agriculture and forestry.