Specialized algorithms are tailored methods designed to solve specific types of problems efficiently. Unlike general algorithms, which can handle a wide range of tasks, specialized algorithms focus on optimizing performance for particular applications, such as sorting data or searching databases. This targeted approach often results in faster execution and lower resource consumption. Examples of specialized algorithms include the A* search algorithm for pathfinding in games and the Fast Fourier Transform for signal processing. By honing in on the unique requirements of a problem, these algorithms can significantly improve outcomes in fields like computer science, engineering, and data analysis.