Spanish exploration refers to the period during the 15th to 17th centuries when Spain sought new territories and resources. This era began with the voyages of Christopher Columbus in 1492, which led to the discovery of the Americas. Spanish explorers, known as conquistadors, traveled across the New World, claiming vast lands for Spain and establishing colonies. Key figures in Spanish exploration include Hernán Cortés, who conquered the Aztec Empire, and Francisco Pizarro, who defeated the Inca Empire. These expeditions resulted in significant cultural exchanges, the spread of Christianity, and the exploitation of indigenous populations and resources.