Spanish colonial refers to the period when Spain established and governed territories in the Americas, the Philippines, and parts of Africa and Asia from the late 15th century to the early 19th century. This era began with the voyages of explorers like Christopher Columbus and led to the establishment of vast empires, where Spanish culture, language, and religion were introduced to indigenous populations. During this time, the Spanish crown implemented systems of governance, such as the encomienda, which granted land and labor rights to Spanish settlers. The colonial period also saw the construction of cities, missions, and churches, many of which still stand today, reflecting the architectural styles of the time.