The term "Spanish Empires" refers to the vast territories controlled by Spain from the late 15th century to the early 19th century. The first major empire began with the voyages of Christopher Columbus in 1492, leading to the colonization of parts of the Americas, including Mexico and Peru. This expansion resulted in significant wealth from resources like gold and silver. The Spanish Empire was characterized by its influence on culture, language, and religion, spreading Spanish and Catholicism across its colonies. By the 18th century, the empire faced challenges, including wars and independence movements, leading to the gradual loss of its territories in the Americas.