Space programs are organized efforts by governments or organizations to explore outer space. They involve launching spacecraft, satellites, and rovers to study celestial bodies, conduct experiments, and gather data about the universe. Notable space programs include those by NASA in the United States, ESA in Europe, and Roscosmos in Russia. These programs aim to advance our understanding of space and technology, often leading to innovations that benefit life on Earth. They also promote international collaboration, as many missions involve partnerships between different countries and organizations, fostering a shared interest in exploring the cosmos.