Soviet history refers to the period of the Soviet Union, which existed from 1922 to 1991. It began after the Russian Revolution of 1917, when the Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the existing government. The Soviet Union became a one-party state, promoting communism and state control over the economy and society. During its existence, the Soviet Union played a significant role in global events, including World War II and the Cold War. It was known for its rapid industrialization, space achievements like the launch of Sputnik, and significant political repression. The Soviet Union ultimately dissolved in 1991, leading to the independence of its constituent republics.