The Bolsheviks were a revolutionary political group in Russia, led by Vladimir Lenin. They emerged from the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party in the early 20th century and advocated for a socialist government. Their main goal was to overthrow the existing monarchy and establish a government that represented the working class. In 1917, the Bolsheviks played a crucial role in the October Revolution, which led to the fall of the Provisional Government. They subsequently established the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, marking the beginning of communist rule in Russia. The Bolsheviks' actions significantly influenced global politics and the spread of communism.