Soviet industry refers to the system of manufacturing and production that was established in the Soviet Union from the 1920s until its dissolution in 1991. It was characterized by state ownership of factories and resources, with the government controlling all aspects of production. The focus was on heavy industries, such as steel, coal, and machinery, to support rapid industrialization and military needs. During the Stalin era, the Soviet government implemented a series of Five-Year Plans aimed at increasing industrial output. These plans prioritized large-scale projects and often relied on forced labor from Gulag camps. While the Soviet industry achieved significant growth, it also faced challenges like inefficiency, poor quality, and lack of innovation.