Southwestern history encompasses the development of the region that includes states like Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Nevada, and Utah. This area was originally inhabited by Indigenous peoples, such as the Navajo and Apache, who had rich cultures and traditions. European exploration began in the 16th century, with Spanish explorers and missionaries establishing settlements and missions. In the 19th century, the region saw significant changes due to the Mexican-American War, which resulted in the United States acquiring vast territories. The discovery of minerals and the expansion of railroads further transformed the economy and population, leading to the diverse cultural landscape seen today.