The Southern Thailand Insurgency refers to a long-standing conflict in the southern provinces of Thailand, primarily involving the regions of Yala, Pattani, and Narathiwat. This insurgency began in the early 2000s and is characterized by violence, including bombings and shootings, often attributed to separatist groups seeking greater autonomy or independence for the predominantly Muslim Malay population in these areas. The conflict has deep historical roots, with grievances related to cultural, religious, and economic disparities between the southern provinces and the central Thai government. Efforts for peace negotiations have been ongoing, but the situation remains complex, with various factions and differing agendas complicating resolution efforts.