The Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279) was a period in Chinese history that followed the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty. It was characterized by a shift of the capital to Hangzhou after the northern territories were invaded by the Jurchen tribes. This era is known for its economic prosperity, advancements in technology, and flourishing arts, particularly in painting and poetry. During the Southern Song, trade expanded significantly, with the establishment of a vibrant merchant class. Innovations such as the use of paper money and advancements in ceramics and printing technology emerged. The dynasty also saw the rise of influential scholars and philosophers, contributing to the development of Confucianism in society.