Sophism refers to a form of reasoning that is deceptive or misleading, often used to persuade others without regard for truth. It typically involves arguments that sound plausible but are based on fallacies or faulty logic. Sophists, ancient Greek teachers of rhetoric, were known for their ability to craft such arguments, prioritizing persuasion over factual accuracy. In modern contexts, sophism can be found in various forms of communication, including politics and advertising, where emotional appeal may overshadow logical reasoning. Recognizing sophistic arguments is essential for critical thinking, as it helps individuals discern between valid reasoning and mere manipulation.