Somali politics is characterized by a complex interplay of clan dynamics, federalism, and ongoing conflict. The country has experienced significant instability since the collapse of the central government in 1991, leading to the rise of various warlords and militant groups, including Al-Shabaab. Efforts to establish a stable government have included the formation of a federal system, which aims to give regional states more autonomy. The Federal Government of Somalia was established in 2012, but challenges remain, including political infighting and security issues. International support, particularly from the African Union and United Nations, has been crucial in promoting peace and rebuilding institutions. Despite these efforts, the political landscape remains fragile and requires ongoing attention.