Sole materials refer to the various substances used to create the bottom part of footwear, which directly contacts the ground. Common materials include rubber, leather, and synthetic compounds. Each material offers different benefits, such as durability, flexibility, and traction, making them suitable for various types of shoes, from athletic to formal. The choice of sole material can significantly impact a shoe's performance and comfort. For instance, rubber soles are often preferred for sports shoes due to their excellent grip, while leather soles are favored in dress shoes for their classic appearance and breathability.