Photovoltaic technology is a method of converting sunlight directly into electricity using solar cells. These cells are made from semiconductor materials, typically silicon, which generate an electric current when exposed to sunlight. This process is known as the photovoltaic effect, and it allows for the harnessing of renewable energy from the sun. The electricity produced by photovoltaic systems can be used to power homes, businesses, and even large-scale solar farms. As a clean energy source, photovoltaic technology helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels, contributing to a more sustainable future.