Soil contamination occurs when harmful substances, such as chemicals or pollutants, accumulate in the soil, posing risks to human health and the environment. Common sources include industrial activities, agricultural practices, and waste disposal. Contaminated soil can lead to reduced soil fertility and can affect the quality of crops grown in it. The presence of contaminants like lead, arsenic, and pesticides can have severe consequences for ecosystems and human health. Remediation efforts, such as soil washing and phytoremediation, are essential to restore contaminated sites and ensure safe agricultural practices.