Soil bearing capacity refers to the ability of soil to support the loads applied to the ground without experiencing excessive settlement or failure. It is a crucial factor in construction and engineering, as it determines how much weight a structure can safely rest on the soil beneath it. Different types of soil, such as clay, sand, and gravel, have varying bearing capacities, which can be influenced by factors like moisture content and compaction. To assess soil bearing capacity, engineers often conduct tests, such as Standard Penetration Tests or Cone Penetration Tests. These tests help determine the maximum load the soil can handle, ensuring that buildings and other structures are designed to be safe and stable. Proper evaluation of soil bearing capacity is essential for preventing structural issues and ensuring the longevity of construction projects.