Software vulnerabilities are weaknesses or flaws in a computer program that can be exploited by attackers. These vulnerabilities can arise from coding errors, design oversights, or misconfigurations, allowing unauthorized users to gain access to sensitive information or disrupt services. For example, a vulnerability in a web application might let hackers steal user data or take control of the system. To protect against software vulnerabilities, developers must regularly update their programs and apply security patches. Tools like firewalls and antivirus software can help defend against attacks, but user awareness is also crucial. By practicing safe browsing habits and keeping software up to date, individuals can reduce their risk of falling victim to these threats.