Sodium chloride, commonly known as salt, is a chemical compound made up of sodium and chlorine. It appears as white, crystalline granules and is widely used in cooking and food preservation. Salt is essential for human health, as it helps regulate fluid balance and supports nerve and muscle function. In addition to its culinary uses, sodium chloride plays a vital role in various industrial processes. It is used in the production of chlorine, sodium hydroxide, and other chemicals. Salt is also important in de-icing roads during winter and is utilized in water treatment to soften hard water.