Sodium borate, commonly known as borax, is a naturally occurring mineral and a compound of sodium, boron, oxygen, and water. It appears as a white powder and is often used in cleaning products, cosmetics, and as a pH buffer in swimming pools. Its chemical formula is Na2B4O7·10H2O. In addition to its cleaning properties, sodium borate has applications in agriculture as a fertilizer and in the manufacturing of glass and ceramics. It also serves as a mild antiseptic and is used in some insecticides. Its versatility makes it a valuable compound in various industries.