"Social facts" are concepts introduced by the sociologist Émile Durkheim to describe the norms, values, and structures that shape society. These facts exist outside individual choices and influence behavior, such as laws, customs, and institutions. They are measurable and can be studied to understand how they affect social interactions. Examples of social facts include religious beliefs, educational systems, and economic conditions. These elements help maintain social order and cohesion, guiding how individuals relate to one another within a community. Understanding social facts is essential for analyzing societal trends and changes over time.