Collective consciousness refers to the set of shared beliefs, ideas, and moral attitudes that operate as a unifying force within a society. This concept, introduced by sociologist Émile Durkheim, suggests that individuals in a community contribute to a common understanding and cultural identity, influencing their thoughts and behaviors. The idea emphasizes how social interactions and cultural norms shape individual perspectives. Collective consciousness can be observed in various contexts, such as religious practices, national identities, and social movements, where groups of people come together to form a collective mindset that guides their actions and values.