Social Contract Theory is a philosophical concept that explores the legitimacy of authority and the origins of society. It posits that individuals consent, either explicitly or implicitly, to form a society and accept certain moral and political obligations in exchange for protection and social order. Key figures in this theory include Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, each offering unique perspectives on the nature of the social contract. The theory suggests that the state is a product of an agreement among individuals to create a governing body that serves the common good. This framework helps to understand the relationship between individuals and the state, emphasizing the importance of consent and mutual benefit in political arrangements.