The Smith Papyrus is an ancient Egyptian medical text dating back to around 1600 BCE. It is one of the oldest known medical documents and is written in the hieratic script. The papyrus contains a collection of medical knowledge, including diagnoses, treatments, and surgical procedures, reflecting the advanced understanding of medicine in ancient Egypt. This document is named after the British archaeologist Edward Smith, who acquired it in the 19th century. The Smith Papyrus is significant for its insights into ancient Egyptian practices and beliefs regarding health, illness, and the human body, making it a valuable resource for historians and medical researchers.