Smelting is a process used to extract metal from its ore by heating it to high temperatures. This process often involves the use of a furnace, where the ore is combined with a reducing agent, such as carbon, to separate the metal from impurities. Common metals produced through smelting include iron, copper, and lead. The smelting process can vary depending on the type of ore and the desired metal. It typically involves several steps, including roasting, melting, and refining. Smelting has been an essential part of metallurgy for thousands of years, playing a crucial role in the development of tools and infrastructure in human civilization.