Smart antennas are advanced communication systems that enhance signal quality and coverage by using multiple antennas. They can adaptively direct radio signals toward specific users or devices, improving performance in crowded environments. This technology is commonly used in cellular networks and Wi-Fi systems to provide better connectivity. These antennas utilize techniques like beamforming and MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) to optimize the transmission and reception of signals. By focusing energy in the direction of users, smart antennas reduce interference and increase data rates, making them essential for modern wireless communication.