The smallest country in the world is Vatican City, an independent city-state enclaved within Rome, Italy. It covers an area of about 44 hectares (110 acres) and has a population of around 800 people. Vatican City serves as the spiritual and administrative center of the Roman Catholic Church. Established in 1929, Vatican City is governed by the Pope, who has full executive power. The country is known for its rich history, stunning architecture, and cultural treasures, including St. Peter's Basilica and the Sistine Chapel, which features famous artwork by Michelangelo.