Situational Action Theory (SAT) is a criminological framework that explains how individual behavior is influenced by the interaction between personal characteristics and situational factors. It posits that crime occurs when a person's motivations and opportunities align within a specific context, leading to a decision to engage in criminal behavior. The theory emphasizes the importance of understanding both the individual's values and the social environment in which they operate. By examining these elements, SAT aims to provide insights into why certain individuals commit crimes while others do not, highlighting the role of context in shaping actions.