Sir James Cook was an English explorer, navigator, and cartographer born on October 27, 1728. He is best known for his three voyages to the Pacific Ocean, during which he mapped many areas, including the eastern coastline of Australia and the Hawaiian Islands. Cook's expeditions significantly contributed to the European understanding of the Pacific region. Cook's first voyage began in 1768, and he was the first European to make contact with the eastern coast of New Zealand and the east coast of Australia. His detailed maps and observations laid the groundwork for future exploration and colonization, making him a key figure in maritime history.