Sir Isaac Newton was a renowned English mathematician, physicist, and astronomer, widely recognized as one of the most influential scientists of all time. He is best known for his laws of motion and universal gravitation, which laid the groundwork for classical mechanics. His work, particularly in Calculus and Optics, revolutionized the way we understand the physical world. In addition to his scientific achievements, Newton made significant contributions to mathematics, including the development of Calculus alongside Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. His book, Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, published in 1687, is considered one of the most important works in the history of science, establishing principles that are still taught today.