Signal modulation is the process of varying a carrier signal's properties, such as its amplitude, frequency, or phase, to encode information. This technique is essential in telecommunications, allowing data to be transmitted over various media, including radio waves and optical fibers. By modifying the carrier signal, the information can be effectively sent and received by different devices. There are several types of modulation, including Amplitude Modulation (AM), Frequency Modulation (FM), and Phase Modulation (PM). Each type has its advantages and is suited for different applications, such as broadcasting, data communication, and satellite transmissions. Modulation helps improve signal quality and reduces interference.