The Siege of Vicksburg was a significant military campaign during the American Civil War, taking place from May 18 to July 4, 1863. The city of Vicksburg, Mississippi was a strategic location along the Mississippi River, and its capture was crucial for the Union forces. Led by General Ulysses S. Grant, the Union army surrounded the city, cutting off supplies and reinforcements to the Confederate defenders. After weeks of bombardment and deprivation, the Confederate forces, commanded by General John C. Pemberton, surrendered on July 4, 1863. This victory gave the Union complete control of the Mississippi River, effectively splitting the Confederacy in two and marking a turning point in the war.