Siege engines are large, powerful machines used in warfare to break through fortifications or walls during a siege. They were designed to launch projectiles, such as stones or fire, at enemy structures, causing damage and creating openings for troops to enter. Common types of siege engines include the catapult, trebuchet, and battering ram. These machines played a crucial role in medieval battles, allowing armies to overcome fortified positions. Siege engines required skilled operators and were often built on-site using available materials. Their effectiveness changed the dynamics of warfare, making them essential tools for conquering fortified cities.