The Siberian Traps are a vast region of volcanic rock in Siberia, Russia, formed by one of the largest volcanic events in Earth's history around 250 million years ago. This event released massive amounts of lava, covering an area of approximately 1.5 million square kilometers. The eruptions are believed to have contributed to the Permian-Triassic extinction, the most significant mass extinction event in Earth's history. These volcanic activities were caused by the upwelling of magma from deep within the Earth, leading to extensive lava flows and the formation of large plateaus. The Siberian Traps are significant for studying the effects of volcanic eruptions on climate and biodiversity, providing insights into past environmental changes.