A shortage occurs when the demand for a product or service exceeds its available supply. This situation can arise due to various factors, such as increased consumer demand, production delays, or natural disasters. When a shortage happens, consumers may find it difficult to purchase the items they need, leading to higher prices and potential frustration. Shortages can affect many areas, including essential goods like food and water, as well as services like healthcare. For example, during a pandemic, the demand for medical supplies often outstrips supply, creating a shortage that can impact public health and safety.