Shapur I was the second king of the Sasanian Empire, ruling from 240 to 270 CE. He is known for his military campaigns against the Roman Empire, where he achieved significant victories, including the capture of the Roman Emperor Valerian. His reign marked a period of expansion and consolidation for the Sasanian state. In addition to his military achievements, Shapur I was a patron of culture and religion. He promoted the Zoroastrian faith and supported the arts, contributing to the development of Persian identity. His legacy includes impressive architectural projects, such as the construction of the city of Gundeshapur.