Shafarevich refers to Igor R. Shafarevich, a prominent Russian mathematician known for his contributions to number theory and algebraic geometry. He was born in 1923 and made significant advancements in the study of algebraic varieties and the theory of Diophantine equations. His work has influenced various areas of mathematics and has been recognized internationally. In addition to his mathematical achievements, Shafarevich was also involved in political and social issues in Russia. He was an outspoken critic of the Soviet regime and advocated for the rights of mathematicians and intellectuals. His dual focus on mathematics and social justice has made him a notable figure in both fields.