Serial manipulators are robotic arms that consist of a series of connected links and joints, allowing them to move in multiple directions. Each joint provides a degree of freedom, enabling the manipulator to reach various positions and orientations. These robots are commonly used in industries for tasks such as assembly, welding, and painting. The design of serial manipulators often resembles a human arm, with a base, shoulder, elbow, and wrist joints. They can be programmed to perform precise movements, making them valuable in applications like manufacturing, automotive assembly, and medical surgery. Their versatility and adaptability make them essential in modern automation.