Seneca was a Roman philosopher, statesman, and playwright who lived from around 4 BCE to 65 CE. He is best known for his contributions to Stoicism, a school of philosophy that emphasizes reason, self-control, and virtue. His works, including letters and essays, explore themes of ethics, the nature of happiness, and the importance of rational thought. In addition to his philosophical writings, Seneca was also a prominent figure in Roman politics. He served as an advisor to Emperor Nero, but their relationship became strained, leading to Seneca's forced suicide in 65 CE. His legacy continues to influence modern philosophy and literature.